ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of brain, optic nerve and spinal cord mediated by immune system. In India, MS prevalence has increased from1.33/10, 0000 to 8.35/100,000. People are most diagnosed at age 20-50 years with an average age of 30. People with MS frequently reports balance and walking impairments. Therefore it is necessary to improve balance in MS .In recent advance it is shown that exergaming and CoDuSe exercise have positive roll to improve balance in patient with Multiple sclerosis. Thus aim of this study is to compare the effect of CoDuSe exercise and Exergaming program, on Balance performance & balance confidence, in People with multiple sclerosis. Methods: A comparitive study was done on 30 Multiple Sclerosis patients, selected by purposive sampling technique and those meeting inclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups, Group A and Group B. Baseline balance assessment was taken in both the groups by Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Group A (n= 15) underwent CoDuSe exercise &Group B (n=15) underwent Exergaming protocols respectively for 6 weeks. Post intervention balance assessment was obtained at the end of 6weeks using BBS. Results thus obtained were statistically analysed using SPSS 16.0, MS Word and MS Excel. Results: Group A who were given CoDuSe intervention improved much better than Group B who were given Exergaming .The unpaired t-test was performed between the two groups which showed moderately statistical significance with p-value <0.001. Conclusion: In conclusion, CoDuSe is more effective than Exergaming exercise to improve balance in people with Multiple Sclerosis.
ABSTRACT
In vitro seedlings were used as explants for protocorm like bodies (PLBs) production which in turn were used for regeneration purpose. PLBs were induced from the base of seedlings (1.0-1.5 cm in size) in MS + BAP (8.88 µM). After 90 days of inoculation, PLBs production rate started declining and most of the PLBs turned into plantlets. Preculture of seedlings in 1.0 µM thidiazuron (TDZ) for 7 days and transfer to BAP supplemented medium resulted in production of 16 PLBs per seedling within 90 days of culture. Increase of TDZ concentration to 2.5 µM and preculture time 15 days, resulted in induction of highest number of PLBs (19 PLBs per seedling) in the basal medium. The results emphasized the importance of thidiazuron (TDZ) concentration and preculture time for PLBs proliferation from the base of seedlings. The PLBs thus produced were used for regeneration studies. Irrespective of single, segmented or clumps of PLBs, the regeneration response was 100% in 2,4-D (4.52 µM) and KN (4.64 µM) but when KN was replaced by BAP (8.88 µM), response was observed only in clumps of PLBs, whereas in single and segmented ones it was 99 and 97%, respectively. Regenerants developed stout root system in half strength M medium supplemented with 2.84 µM of IAA and transferred to greenhouse with 90% survival. The present study holds tremendous potential as the mother plant is not destroyed and PLBs are produced as a continuous system.